Humans have always dreamed of creating artificial life. The homunculus – the “little man” – originating in the late Middle Ages, symbolizes this desire and, at the same time, the ambivalence of technological progress, which rarely ended well in literature and myth. For a long time, creativity, morality, and the understanding of contexts were considered exclusively human abilities, based on the unique complexity of the brain.
With the latest developments in artificial intelligence, especially in deep learning, this self-image is beginning to falter. Since 2020, deceptively real AI-generated portraits have shown how machines can independently create human faces—faces of people who never existed. Today, the modern homunculus is no longer created in the laboratory, but in code: a product of data, algorithms, and neural networks that fascinates, unsettles, and raises the question of what the next step in this artificial creation will be.
“Homunculus” is a study of human facial expressions based on AI-generated portraits from 2022. At that time, the technology was still in its infancy. The work combines artistic exploration and technological observation, while also serving as an early testimony to the era of AI image generators.